Subnetting merupakan teknik umum yang digunakan untuk membagi atau memecah suatu jaringan menjadi jaringan yang lebih kecil atau sederhana. Secara umum tujuan dari subnetting adalah untuk melakukan efisiensi alamat IP dan lebih mudah dalam perawatan maupun manajemen jaringan.
Metode kotak atau
box method merupakan salah satu metode subnetting yang dilakukan dengan cara memvisualisasikan rincian subnet dan alamat IP ke jaringan yang lebih kecil dalam bentuk kotak-kotak sesuai dengan jumlah subnet dan host. Setiap kotak mewakili 1 subnet, sedangkan angka dalam kotak tersebut merupakan alamat host.
Setiap bagian dari subnet dalam kotak tersebut terdapat angka yang menunjukkan alamat jaringan (network Id) dan alamat broadcast (broadcast Id), sehingga untuk rentang IP yang tersedia adalah antara alamat Network Id dan Broadcast Id tersebut. Angka yang paling rendah dalam subnet tersebut merupakan Network Id sedangkan angka yang paling tinggi merupakan Broadcast Id.
Baca juga, Menghitung subnetting jaringan dengan metode lingkaran
Dengan mengarsir atau mewarnai bagian kotak, kita dapat dengan mudah memecah subnet tanpa tumpang tindih dengan alamat IP yang tidak digunakan, seperti pada gambar berikut ini.
#1 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Keterangan :- Total subnet : 1 subnet
- Total host : 256 host
- Host valid : 254 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/24
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#2 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128
Keterangan :- Total subnet : 2 subnet
- Total host : 128 host
- Host valid : 126 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/25
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.128 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.128 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.1129 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#3 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192
Keterangan :- Total subnet : 4 subnet
- Total host : 64 host
- Host valid : 62 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/26
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.62 | 192.168.1.63 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.64 | 192.168.1.65 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 3 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.129 | 192.168.1.190 | 192.168.1.191 |
| 4 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.192 | 192.168.1.193 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#4 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
Keterangan : - Total subnet : 8 subnet
- Total host : 32 host
- Host valid : 30 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/27
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.30 | 192.168.1.31 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.32 | 192.168.1.33 | 192.168.1.62 | 192.168.1.63 |
| 3 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.64 | 192.168.1.65 | 192.168.1.94 | 192.168.1.95 |
| 4 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.96 | 192.168.1.97 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 5 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.129 | 192.168.1.158 | 192.168.1.159 |
| 6 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.160 | 192.168.1.161 | 192.168.1.190 | 192.168.1.191 |
| 7 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.192 | 192.168.1.193 | 192.168.1.222 | 192.168.1.223 |
| 8 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.224 | 192.168.1.225 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#5 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240
Keterangan : - Total subnet : 16 subnet
- Total host : 16 host
- Host valid : 14 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/28
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.14 | 192.168.1.15 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.16 | 192.168.1.17 | 192.168.1.30 | 192.168.1.31 |
| 3 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.32 | 192.168.1.33 | 192.168.1.46 | 192.168.1.47 |
| 4 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.48 | 192.168.1.49 | 192.168.1.62 | 192.168.1.63 |
| 5 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.64 | 192.168.1.65 | 192.168.1.78 | 192.168.1.79 |
| 6 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.80 | 192.168.1.81 | 192.168.1.94 | 192.168.1.95 |
| 7 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.96 | 192.168.1.97 | 192.168.1.110 | 192.168.1.111 |
| 8 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.112 | 192.168.1.113 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 9 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.129 | 192.168.1.142 | 192.168.1.143 |
| 10 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.144 | 192.168.1.145 | 192.168.1.158 | 192.168.1.159 |
| 11 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.160 | 192.168.1.161 | 192.168.1.174 | 192.168.1.175 |
| 12 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.176 | 192.168.1.177 | 192.168.1.190 | 192.168.1.191 |
| 13 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.192 | 192.168.1.193 | 192.168.1.206 | 192.168.1.207 |
| 14 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.208 | 192.168.1.209 | 192.168.1.222 | 192.168.1.223 |
| 15 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.224 | 192.168.1.225 | 192.168.1.238 | 192.168.1.239 |
| 16 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.240 | 192.168.1.241 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#6 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248
Keterangan : - Total subnet : 32 subnet
- Total host : 8 host
- Host valid : 6 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/29
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.6 | 192.168.1.7 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.8 | 192.168.1.9 | 192.168.1.14 | 192.168.1.15 |
| 3 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.16 | 192.168.1.17 | 192.168.1.22 | 192.168.1.23 |
| 4 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.24 | 192.168.1.25 | 192.168.1.30 | 192.168.1.31 |
| 5 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.32 | 192.168.1.33 | 192.168.1.38 | 192.168.1.39 |
| 6 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.40 | 192.168.1.41 | 192.168.1.46 | 192.168.1.47 |
| 7 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.48 | 192.168.1.49 | 192.168.1.54 | 192.168.1.55 |
| 8 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.56 | 192.168.1.57 | 192.168.1.62 | 192.168.1.63 |
| 9 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.64 | 192.168.1.65 | 192.168.1.70 | 192.168.1.71 |
| 10 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.72 | 192.168.1.73 | 192.168.1.78 | 192.168.1.79 |
| 11 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.80 | 192.168.1.81 | 192.168.1.86 | 192.168.1.87 |
| 12 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.88 | 192.168.1.89 | 192.168.1.94 | 192.168.1.95 |
| 13 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.96 | 192.168.1.97 | 192.168.1.102 | 192.168.1.103 |
| 14 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.104 | 192.168.1.105 | 192.168.1.110 | 192.168.1.111 |
| 15 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.112 | 192.168.1.113 | 192.168.1.118 | 192.168.1.119 |
| 16 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.120 | 192.168.1.121 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 17 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.129 | 192.168.1.134 | 192.168.1.135 |
| 18 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.136 | 192.168.1.137 | 192.168.1.142 | 192.168.1.143 |
| 19 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.144 | 192.168.1.145 | 192.168.1.150 | 192.168.1.151 |
| 20 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.152 | 192.168.1.153 | 192.168.1.158 | 192.168.1.159 |
| 21 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.160 | 192.168.1.161 | 192.168.1.166 | 192.168.1.167 |
| 22 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.168 | 192.168.1.169 | 192.168.1.174 | 192.168.1.175 |
| 23 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.176 | 192.168.1.177 | 192.168.1.182 | 192.168.1.183 |
| 24 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.184 | 192.168.1.185 | 192.168.1.190 | 192.168.1.191 |
| 25 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.192 | 192.168.1.193 | 192.168.1.198 | 192.168.1.199 |
| 26 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.200 | 192.168.1.201 | 192.168.1.206 | 192.168.1.207 |
| 27 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.208 | 192.168.1.209 | 192.168.1.214 | 192.168.1.215 |
| 28 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.216 | 192.168.1.217 | 192.168.1.222 | 192.168.1.223 |
| 29 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.224 | 192.168.1.225 | 192.168.1.230 | 192.168.1.231 |
| 30 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.232 | 192.168.1.233 | 192.168.1.238 | 192.168.1.239 |
| 31 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.240 | 192.168.1.241 | 192.168.1.246 | 192.168.1.247 |
| 32 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.248 | 192.168.1.249 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
#7 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
Keterangan :
- Total subnet : 64 subnet
- Total host : 4 host
- Host valid : 2 host valid
Contoh untuk alamat IP 192.168.1.0/30
| Jumlah Subnet | Subnet Mask | Net Id | IP host awal | IP host akhir | Broadcast Id |
| 1 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.2 | 192.168.1.3 |
| 2 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.4 | 192.168.1.5 | 192.168.1.6 | 192.168.1.7 |
| 3 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.8 | 192.168.1.9 | 192.168.1.10 | 192.168.1.11 |
| 4 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.12 | 192.168.1.13 | 192.168.1.14 | 192.168.1.15 |
| 5 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.16 | 192.168.1.17 | 192.168.1.18 | 192.168.1.19 |
| 6 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.20 | 192.168.1.21 | 192.168.1.22 | 192.168.1.23 |
| 7 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.24 | 192.168.1.25 | 192.168.1.26 | 192.168.1.27 |
| 8 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.28 | 192.168.1.29 | 192.168.1.30 | 192.168.1.31 |
| 9 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.32 | 192.168.1.33 | 192.168.1.34 | 192.168.1.35 |
| 10 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.36 | 192.168.1.37 | 192.168.1.38 | 192.168.1.39 |
| 111 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.40 | 192.168.1.41 | 192.168.1.42 | 192.168.1.43 |
| 12 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.44 | 192.168.1.45 | 192.168.1.46 | 192.168.1.47 |
| 13 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.48 | 192.168.1.49 | 192.168.1.50 | 192.168.1.51 |
| 14 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.52 | 192.168.1.53 | 192.168.1.54 | 192.168.1.55 |
| 15 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.56 | 192.168.1.57 | 192.168.1.58 | 192.168.1.59 |
| 16 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.60 | 192.168.1.61 | 192.168.1.62 | 192.168.1.63 |
| 17 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.64 | 192.168.1.65 | 192.168.1.66 | 192.168.1.67 |
| 18 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.68 | 192.168.1.69 | 192.168.1.70 | 192.168.1.71 |
| 19 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.72 | 192.168.1.73 | 192.168.1.74 | 192.168.1.75 |
| 20 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.76 | 192.168.1.77 | 192.168.1.78 | 192.168.1.79 |
| 21 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.80 | 192.168.1.81 | 192.168.1.82 | 192.168.1.83 |
| 22 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.84 | 192.168.1.85 | 192.168.1.86 | 192.168.1.87 |
| 23 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.88 | 192.168.1.89 | 192.168.1.90 | 192.168.1.91 |
| 24 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.92 | 192.168.1.93 | 192.168.1.94 | 192.168.1.95 |
| 25 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.96 | 192.168.1.97 | 192.168.1.98 | 192.168.1.99 |
| 26 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.100 | 192.168.1.101 | 192.168.1.102 | 192.168.1.103 |
| 27 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.104 | 192.168.1.105 | 192.168.1.106 | 192.168.1.107 |
| 28 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.108 | 192.168.1.109 | 192.168.1.110 | 192.168.1.111 |
| 29 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.112 | 192.168.1.113 | 192.168.1.114 | 192.168.1.115 |
| 30 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.116 | 192.168.1.117 | 192.168.1.118 | 192.168.1.119 |
| 31 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.120 | 192.168.1.121 | 192.168.1.122 | 192.168.1.123 |
| 32 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.124 | 192.168.1.125 | 192.168.1.126 | 192.168.1.127 |
| 33 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.128 | 192.168.1.129 | 192.168.1.130 | 192.168.1.131 |
| 34 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.132 | 192.168.1.133 | 192.168.1.134 | 192.168.1.135 |
| 35 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.136 | 192.168.1.137 | 192.168.1.138 | 192.168.1.139 |
| 36 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.140 | 192.168.1.141 | 192.168.1.142 | 192.168.1.143 |
| 37 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.144 | 192.168.1.145 | 192.168.1.146 | 192.168.1.147 |
| 38 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.148 | 192.168.1.149 | 192.168.1.150 | 192.168.1.151 |
| 39 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.152 | 192.168.1.153 | 192.168.1.154 | 192.168.1.155 |
| 40 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.156 | 192.168.1.157 | 192.168.1.158 | 192.168.1.159 |
| 41 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.160 | 192.168.1.161 | 192.168.1.162 | 192.168.1.163 |
| 42 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.164 | 192.168.1.165 | 192.168.1.166 | 192.168.1.167 |
| 43 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.168 | 192.168.1.169 | 192.168.1.170 | 192.168.1.171 |
| 44 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.172 | 192.168.1.173 | 192.168.1.174 | 192.168.1.175 |
| 45 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.176 | 192.168.1.177 | 192.168.1.178 | 192.168.1.179 |
| 46 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.180 | 192.168.1.181 | 192.168.1.182 | 192.168.1.183 |
| 47 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.184 | 192.168.1.185 | 192.168.1.186 | 192.168.1.187 |
| 48 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.188 | 192.168.1.189 | 192.168.1.190 | 192.168.1.191 |
| 49 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.192 | 192.168.1.193 | 192.168.1.194 | 192.168.1.195 |
| 50 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.196 | 192.168.1.197 | 192.168.1.198 | 192.168.1.199 |
| 51 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.200 | 192.168.1.201 | 192.168.1.202 | 192.168.1.203 |
| 52 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.204 | 192.168.1.205 | 192.168.1.206 | 192.168.1.207 |
| 53 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.208 | 192.168.1.209 | 192.168.1.210 | 192.168.1.211 |
| 54 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.212 | 192.168.1.213 | 192.168.1.214 | 192.168.1.215 |
| 55 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.216 | 192.168.1.217 | 192.168.1.218 | 192.168.1.219 |
| 56 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.220 | 192.168.1.221 | 192.168.1.222 | 192.168.1.223 |
| 57 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.224 | 192.168.1.225 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.227 |
| 58 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.228 | 192.168.1.229 | 192.168.1.230 | 192.168.1.231 |
| 59 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.232 | 192.168.1.233 | 192.168.1.234 | 192.168.1.235 |
| 60 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.236 | 192.168.1.237 | 192.168.1.248 | 192.168.1.239 |
| 61 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.240 | 192.168.1.241 | 192.168.1.242 | 192.168.1.243 |
| 62 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.244 | 192.168.1.245 | 192.168.1.246 | 192.168.1.247 |
| 63 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.248 | 192.168.1.249 | 192.168.1.250 | 192.168.1.251 |
| 64 | 255.255.255.248 | 192.168.1.252 | 192.168.1.253 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.255 |
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